Get Started: Data Versioning

How cool would it be to track large datasets and machine learning models alongside your code, sidestepping all the limitations of storing it in Git? Imagine cloning a repository and immediately seeing your datasets, checkpoints and models staged in your workspace. Imagine switching to a different version of a 100Gb file in less than a second with a git checkout.

💫 DVC is your "Git for data"!

Tracking data

Working inside an initialized project directory, let's pick a piece of data to work with. We'll use an example data.xml file, though any text or binary file (or directory) will do. Start by running:

$ dvc get https://github.com/iterative/dataset-registry \
          get-started/data.xml -o data/data.xml

Use dvc add to start tracking the dataset file:

$ dvc add data/data.xml

DVC stores information about the added file in a special .dvc file named data/data.xml.dvc. This small, human-readable metadata file acts as a placeholder for the original data for the purpose of Git tracking.

Next, run the following commands to track changes in Git:

$ git add data/data.xml.dvc data/.gitignore
$ git commit -m "Add raw data"

Now the metadata about your data is versioned alongside your source code, while the original data file was added to .gitignore.

.dvc/cache/files/md5
└── 22
    └── a1a2931c8370d3aeedd7183606fd7f

outs:
  - md5: 22a1a2931c8370d3aeedd7183606fd7f
    path: data.xml

Storing and sharing

You can upload DVC-tracked data to a variety of storage systems (remote or local) referred to as "remotes". For simplicity, we will use a "local remote" for this guide, which is just a directory in the local file system.

Configuring a remote

Before pushing data to a remote we need to set it up using the dvc remote add command:

$ mkdir /tmp/dvcstore
$ dvc remote add -d myremote /tmp/dvcstore

$ mkdir %TEMP%/dvcstore
$ dvc remote add -d myremote %TEMP%\dvcstore

$ dvc remote add -d storage s3://mybucket/dvcstore

Uploading data

Now that a storage remote was configured, run dvc push to upload data:

$ dvc push

.../dvcstore
└── 22
    └── a1a2931c8370d3aeedd7183606fd7f

Usually, we would also want to Git track any code changes that led to the data change ( git add, git commit and git push ).

Retrieving data

Once DVC-tracked data and models are stored remotely, they can be downloaded with dvc pull when needed (e.g. in other copies of this project). Usually, we run it after git pull or git clone.

Let's try this now:

$ dvc pull

$ rm -rf .dvc/cache
$ rm -f data/data.xml

$ rmdir .dvc\cache
$ del data\data.xml

$ dvc pull

Making local changes

Next, let's say we obtained more data from some external source. We will simulate this by doubling the dataset contents:

$ cp data/data.xml /tmp/data.xml
$ cat /tmp/data.xml >> data/data.xml

$ copy data\data.xml %TEMP%\data.xml
$ type %TEMP%\data.xml >> data\data.xml

After modifying the data, run dvc add again to track the latest version:

$ dvc add data/data.xml

Now we can run dvc push to upload the changes to the remote storage, followed by a git commit to track them:

$ dvc push
$ git commit data/data.xml.dvc -m "Dataset updates"

Switching between versions

A commonly used workflow is to use git checkout to switch to a branch or checkout a specific .dvc file revision, followed by a dvc checkout to sync data into your workspace:

$ git checkout <...>
$ dvc checkout

Return to a previous version of the dataset

Let's go back to the original version of the data:

$ git checkout HEAD~1 data/data.xml.dvc
$ dvc checkout

Let's commit it (no need to do dvc push this time since this original version of the dataset was already saved):

$ git commit data/data.xml.dvc -m "Revert dataset updates"

Discovering and accessing data

Your tracked data can be imported and fetched from anywhere using DVC. For example, you may want to download a specific version of an ML model to a deployment server or import a dataset into another project like we did at the top of this chapter. To learn about how DVC allows you to do this, see Discovering and Accessing Data Guide.